An air pollutant is defined as a co

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous changes. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled- a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.
Many of more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxides and nitrogen oxides are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.
However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will
be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0. 08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however has a natural level of 0. 1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Kết quả (Klingon) 1:

defined pollutant jejlaw' je compound Hoch wo' chel pagh indirectly pong Human qabwIj quantities muD pe'vIl Heghbogh vajpu''e' ghaH Sov wIHutlh Human, Ha'DIbaH, tI, pagh Hap 'u' adversely. flexible definition 'e' taH choH chaw' poQ jejlaw' pollution. HeghDI' cher wa'DIch jejlaw' pollution Naq qaStaHvIS De' qaStaHvIS vatlh DIS poH fourteenth, jejlaw' pollutants compounds 'ej QuQ 'e' laH legh pagh largh vuS-Hop SaQ vo' Hoch 'ay' tetlh joch substances, DaHjaj vISov. , qatlh Hach cham 'ej, qatlh ghur porgh Damo' ghaH aspects Sar chemicals Sov, lengthened tetlh jejlaw' pollutants. nom pIq, jejlaw' pollutant bopummeH be je chaq qel vapor bIQ ngeD tu'lu'. tu' law' ralqu'nIStaH potlh jejlaw' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxides 'ej voQSIp oxides DochHommey. Hoch Hach tera', choH pollutants concentration pong Sar reactions chemical; chaH moj 'ay' pa' biogeochemical cycles. qo'vaD roD jejlaw' purification scheme pong vIH vo' choptaHvIS jejlaw' bIQ soil pagh compounds chaw'. 'etlhmey global basis, Human activities chel ghot'e' 'e' dwarfs tlhoQ output compounds. 'ach motlh qaStaHvIS Human production localize mIchHom, such as veng. qaStaHvIS vIq Sep, chaq dominant 'ej chaq temporarily natural purification scheme cycles overload Human output. ghot'e' concentration noxious chemicals qaStaHvIS choptaHvIS jejlaw'. vaj concentrations DeSDu' jIHMej nargh adverse 'angbogh Da matay'DI' puS concentrations Daghajbogh pollutants qaStaHvIS Human activities absence. actual concentration nIS wej yIteb 'e' pollutant substance; loQ ngoD ram ja' maHvaD numerical lo'laHghach until DISov 'ar ghur rIn concentration qaStaHvIS burgh mIchHom 'e' 'oS ghu'vam. example detectable porgh Damo' ghaH 'angbogh Da ghaj sulfur dioxide DeSDu' 0. 08 lopno' per 'uy' (ppm), ghot tu'lu'. mej 400 poH natural patlh be'ghomDaq. natural patlh 0 'ach muSujmo' monoxide carbon. 1 ppm 'ej motlh pollutant until ghot tu'lu'. mej 15 ppm SIch patlh.