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The theory of cognitive dissonancei

The theory of cognitive dissonance
is based on the premise that people have a need for order and consistency in their lives
and that a state of dissonance(tension) exists when beliefs or behaviors conflict with one
another. We resolve the conflict that arises when we choose between two alternatives
through a process of cognitive dissonance reduction, where we look for a way to reduce
this inconsistency (or dissonance) and thus eliminate unpleasant tension.
Dissonance occurs when a consumer must choose between two products, both of
which possess good and bad qualities. When he chooses one product and not the other,
the person gets the bad qualities of the product he buys and loses out on the good quali-ties of the one he didn’t buy. This loss creates an unpleasant, dissonant state that he wants
to reduce. We tend to convince ourselves, after the fact, that the choice we made was the
smart one as we find additional reasons to support the alternative we did choose—per-haps when we discover flaws with the option we did not choose (sometimes we call this
rationalization). A marketer can bundle several benefits together to resolve an approach–
approach conflict. For example, Miller Lite’s claim that it is “less filling” and“tastes great”
allows the drinker to “have his beer and drink it too.”
Many of the products and services we desire have negative consequences attached
to them as well. We may feel guilty or ostentatious when we buy a luxury product like a
fur coat (especially when others around us lose their jobs), or we might feel like gluttons
when we crave a tempting package of Twinkies. An approach–avoidance conflictoccurs
when we desire a goal but wish to avoid it at the same time.
Some solutions to these conflicts include the proliferation of fake furs, which elimi-nate guilt about harming animals to make a fashion statement, and the success of diet
programs like Weight Watchers that promise good food without the calories.
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Many mar-keters try to help consumers overcome guilt by convincing them that they deserve these
luxuries. As the model for L’Oréal cosmetics exclaims, “Because I’m worth it!”
Sometimes we find ourselves caught “between a rock and a hard place.” We may face
a choice with two undesirable alternatives: for instance, the option of either spending
more money on an old car or buying a new one. Don’t you hate when that happens? Mar-keters frequently address an avoidance–avoidance conflictwith messages that stress
the unforeseen benefits of choosing one option (e.g., when they emphasize special credit
plans to ease the pain of car payments)
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Kết quả (Trung) 1: [Sao chép]
Sao chép!
认知失调理论基于人们对他们的生活的必要的顺序和一致性的前提和 dissonance(tension) 状态存在时信仰或行为与人发生冲突另一种。我们解决时,我们选择两个选择之间的冲突通过认知失调约简过程中,我们在哪里寻找一个方式来减少这种不一致 (或失调),从而消除令人不快的张力。消费者必须选择两个产品,两个之间时发生失调拥有好的和坏的品质。当他选择一种产品而不是其他,该人获取的产品他买,从而失去了良好的质量关系的那个他没买那些坏的品质。这一损失将创建一种令人不快、 不和谐的状态,他想要为了减少。我们倾向于说服自己,事后,我们所作的选择是比较聪明的我们找到更多的理由,来支持另一种我们做选择 — — 每 haps 当我们发现我们不选择缺陷 (有时我们称此合理化)。市场营销人员可以捆绑几个好处,携手合作,共同解决办法 — —方法冲突。例如,Miller Lite 声称它是"少填充"和"好吃"允许饮酒者代为"喝他的啤酒,喝它。许多产品和服务我们渴望有附加的消极后果向他们一样好。我们可能会感到内疚或炫耀我们什么时候买像一种奢侈品毛皮大衣 (特别是当周围的人失去他们的工作),或我们可能觉得贪食当我们渴望夹馅面包诱人包。方法 — — 避免 conflictoccurs当我们渴望的目标,但希望避免在同一时间。一些解决这些冲突的方法包括扩散假皮草,伤害动物,使一种时尚和成功的饮食,消除 nate 内疚保证良好无热量的食物的重量观察家这样的程序。14许多 mar keters 尝试帮助消费者通过说服他们,他们应该得到这些克服内疚奢侈品。作为模型为欧莱雅化妆品感叹,"因为我是值得的!"有时我们发现自己陷入"之间岩石和坚硬的地方"。我们可能会面临选择两种不可取的选择: 例如,要么支出选项一辆旧车,或者购买一个新的更多的钱。你不讨厌当发生这种情况吗?Mar keters 经常处理强调避免 — — 避免冲突消息选择一个选项的意外的好处 (例如,当他们强调特别信贷计划以减轻疼痛的车付款)
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Kết quả (Trung) 3:[Sao chép]
Sao chép!
认知失调
理论是基于人们对他们生活中的
,国家不和谐的秩序和一致性要求的前提下(拉伸)时存在的信仰或行为的冲突与
另一。我们解决时,我们选择两种选择
之间通过认知失调的还原过程的冲突,我们在寻找一种方式来减少
这种不一致(或不一致),从而消除不愉快的张力。
失调发生时,消费者必须两个产品之间的选择,这两
具有好与坏的品质。当他选择一个产品而不是其他人,
得到他买的产品好的品质,失去了对一个他没有买到好质量的关系。这种损失造成了不愉快的,不和谐的状态,他希望
减少。我们总是说服自己,事实后,我们的选择是
聪明我们找到更多的理由来支持我们做的选择也许当我们发现缺点与选项,我们没有选择(有时我们称这种
合理化)。一个营销者可以把几个利益捆绑在一起,以解决一个办法方法冲突。例如,米勒建兴声称它是“少填”和“趣味伟大的”
允许喝”他的啤酒喝。”
很多产品和服务我们的欲望有负面后果附
他一样。我们可能会感到内疚或炫耀我们购买奢侈品像
裘皮大衣(尤其是当我们周围的人失去了他们的工作),或者我们可能觉得好吃懒做
当我们渴望一个诱人的包你。一种方法–回避conflictoccurs
当我们的愿望,目标,但要避免在同一时间。
这些冲突的一些解决方案包括假毛皮的增殖,从而消除内疚伤害动物成为一种时尚,和饮食
成功像重量观察家这样的程序保证了好的食物不含热量。
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许多3米试图帮助消费者通过说服他们,他们应该得到这些
奢侈品克服内疚。作为éAl欧莱雅化妆品模型说,“因为我值得!有时我们发现自己陷入了一个艰难的位置,“我们可能面临着一个与双不希望的选择:例如,无论是花多钱买旧汽车还是买新汽车的选择。你不喜欢什么时候发生?3米经常回避–回避冲突的地址信息,应力
选择一个选项的不可预见的好处(例如,当他们强调特殊信用
计划缓解汽车支付的痛苦)
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